CVE-2026-23352 - Vulnerability Details

Vendors	Products
Linux	Linux Kernel

Link	Providers
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/227688312fece0026fc67a00ba9a0b3611ebe95d
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/399da820ecfe6f4f10c143e5c453d3559a04db9c
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4a2cb90c538f06c873a187aa743575d48685d7a6
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6a25e25279282c5c8ade554c04c6ab9dc7902c64
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7dcf59422a3b0d20ddda844f856b4a1e0608a326
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a4b0bf6a40f3c107c67a24fbc614510ef5719980
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f9e9cc320854a76a39e7bc92d144554f3a727fad

Type	Values Removed	Values Added
Description		In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: x86/efi: defer freeing of boot services memory efi_free_boot_services() frees memory occupied by EFI_BOOT_SERVICES_CODE and EFI_BOOT_SERVICES_DATA using memblock_free_late(). There are two issue with that: memblock_free_late() should be used for memory allocated with memblock_alloc() while the memory reserved with memblock_reserve() should be freed with free_reserved_area(). More acutely, with CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT=y efi_free_boot_services() is called before deferred initialization of the memory map is complete. Benjamin Herrenschmidt reports that this causes a leak of ~140MB of RAM on EC2 t3a.nano instances which only have 512MB or RAM. If the freed memory resides in the areas that memory map for them is still uninitialized, they won't be actually freed because memblock_free_late() calls memblock_free_pages() and the latter skips uninitialized pages. Using free_reserved_area() at this point is also problematic because __free_page() accesses the buddy of the freed page and that again might end up in uninitialized part of the memory map. Delaying the entire efi_free_boot_services() could be problematic because in addition to freeing boot services memory it updates efi.memmap without any synchronization and that's undesirable late in boot when there is concurrency. More robust approach is to only defer freeing of the EFI boot services memory. Split efi_free_boot_services() in two. First efi_unmap_boot_services() collects ranges that should be freed into an array then efi_free_boot_services() later frees them after deferred init is complete.
Title		x86/efi: defer freeing of boot services memory
First Time appeared		Linux Linux linux Kernel
CPEs		cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel::::::::
Vendors & Products		Linux Linux linux Kernel
References		https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/227688312fece0026fc67a00ba9a0b3611ebe95d https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/399da820ecfe6f4f10c143e5c453d3559a04db9c https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4a2cb90c538f06c873a187aa743575d48685d7a6 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6a25e25279282c5c8ade554c04c6ab9dc7902c64 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7dcf59422a3b0d20ddda844f856b4a1e0608a326 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a4b0bf6a40f3c107c67a24fbc614510ef5719980 https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f9e9cc320854a76a39e7bc92d144554f3a727fad

{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-23352", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2026-01-13T15:37:46.000Z", "datePublished": "2026-03-25T10:27:37.500Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-03-25T10:27:37.500Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-03-25T10:27:37.500Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nx86/efi: defer freeing of boot services memory\n\nefi_free_boot_services() frees memory occupied by EFI_BOOT_SERVICES_CODE\nand EFI_BOOT_SERVICES_DATA using memblock_free_late().\n\nThere are two issue with that: memblock_free_late() should be used for\nmemory allocated with memblock_alloc() while the memory reserved with\nmemblock_reserve() should be freed with free_reserved_area().\n\nMore acutely, with CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT=y\nefi_free_boot_services() is called before deferred initialization of the\nmemory map is complete.\n\nBenjamin Herrenschmidt reports that this causes a leak of ~140MB of\nRAM on EC2 t3a.nano instances which only have 512MB or RAM.\n\nIf the freed memory resides in the areas that memory map for them is\nstill uninitialized, they won't be actually freed because\nmemblock_free_late() calls memblock_free_pages() and the latter skips\nuninitialized pages.\n\nUsing free_reserved_area() at this point is also problematic because\n__free_page() accesses the buddy of the freed page and that again might\nend up in uninitialized part of the memory map.\n\nDelaying the entire efi_free_boot_services() could be problematic\nbecause in addition to freeing boot services memory it updates\nefi.memmap without any synchronization and that's undesirable late in\nboot when there is concurrency.\n\nMore robust approach is to only defer freeing of the EFI boot services\nmemory.\n\nSplit efi_free_boot_services() in two. First efi_unmap_boot_services()\ncollects ranges that should be freed into an array then\nefi_free_boot_services() later frees them after deferred init is complete."}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h", "arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c", "arch/x86/platform/efi/quirks.c", "drivers/firmware/efi/mokvar-table.c"], "versions": [{"version": "0aed459e8487eb6ebdb4efe8cefe1eafbc704b30", "lessThan": "4a2cb90c538f06c873a187aa743575d48685d7a6", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "916f676f8dc016103f983c7ec54c18ecdbb6e349", "lessThan": "227688312fece0026fc67a00ba9a0b3611ebe95d", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "916f676f8dc016103f983c7ec54c18ecdbb6e349", "lessThan": "6a25e25279282c5c8ade554c04c6ab9dc7902c64", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "916f676f8dc016103f983c7ec54c18ecdbb6e349", "lessThan": "399da820ecfe6f4f10c143e5c453d3559a04db9c", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "916f676f8dc016103f983c7ec54c18ecdbb6e349", "lessThan": "f9e9cc320854a76a39e7bc92d144554f3a727fad", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "916f676f8dc016103f983c7ec54c18ecdbb6e349", "lessThan": "7dcf59422a3b0d20ddda844f856b4a1e0608a326", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "916f676f8dc016103f983c7ec54c18ecdbb6e349", "lessThan": "a4b0bf6a40f3c107c67a24fbc614510ef5719980", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h", "arch/x86/platform/efi/efi.c", "arch/x86/platform/efi/quirks.c", "drivers/firmware/efi/mokvar-table.c"], "versions": [{"version": "3.0", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "3.0", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "2.6.39.2", "lessThanOrEqual": "2.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.1.167", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.130", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.77", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18.17", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.19.7", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.19.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.0-rc3", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.39.1", "versionEndExcluding": "2.6.39.2"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.0", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.167"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.0", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.130"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.0", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.77"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.0", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.17"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.0", "versionEndExcluding": "6.19.7"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "3.0", "versionEndExcluding": "7.0-rc3"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4a2cb90c538f06c873a187aa743575d48685d7a6"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/227688312fece0026fc67a00ba9a0b3611ebe95d"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6a25e25279282c5c8ade554c04c6ab9dc7902c64"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/399da820ecfe6f4f10c143e5c453d3559a04db9c"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f9e9cc320854a76a39e7bc92d144554f3a727fad"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7dcf59422a3b0d20ddda844f856b4a1e0608a326"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a4b0bf6a40f3c107c67a24fbc614510ef5719980"}], "title": "x86/efi: defer freeing of boot services memory", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}}}

{"cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nx86/efi: defer freeing of boot services memory\n\nefi_free_boot_services() frees memory occupied by EFI_BOOT_SERVICES_CODE\nand EFI_BOOT_SERVICES_DATA using memblock_free_late().\n\nThere are two issue with that: memblock_free_late() should be used for\nmemory allocated with memblock_alloc() while the memory reserved with\nmemblock_reserve() should be freed with free_reserved_area().\n\nMore acutely, with CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT=y\nefi_free_boot_services() is called before deferred initialization of the\nmemory map is complete.\n\nBenjamin Herrenschmidt reports that this causes a leak of ~140MB of\nRAM on EC2 t3a.nano instances which only have 512MB or RAM.\n\nIf the freed memory resides in the areas that memory map for them is\nstill uninitialized, they won't be actually freed because\nmemblock_free_late() calls memblock_free_pages() and the latter skips\nuninitialized pages.\n\nUsing free_reserved_area() at this point is also problematic because\n__free_page() accesses the buddy of the freed page and that again might\nend up in uninitialized part of the memory map.\n\nDelaying the entire efi_free_boot_services() could be problematic\nbecause in addition to freeing boot services memory it updates\nefi.memmap without any synchronization and that's undesirable late in\nboot when there is concurrency.\n\nMore robust approach is to only defer freeing of the EFI boot services\nmemory.\n\nSplit efi_free_boot_services() in two. First efi_unmap_boot_services()\ncollects ranges that should be freed into an array then\nefi_free_boot_services() later frees them after deferred init is complete."}], "id": "CVE-2026-23352", "lastModified": "2026-03-25T11:16:33.627", "metrics": {}, "published": "2026-03-25T11:16:33.627", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/227688312fece0026fc67a00ba9a0b3611ebe95d"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/399da820ecfe6f4f10c143e5c453d3559a04db9c"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4a2cb90c538f06c873a187aa743575d48685d7a6"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6a25e25279282c5c8ade554c04c6ab9dc7902c64"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7dcf59422a3b0d20ddda844f856b4a1e0608a326"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a4b0bf6a40f3c107c67a24fbc614510ef5719980"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f9e9cc320854a76a39e7bc92d144554f3a727fad"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Received"}

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